Industria 5.0: Un Paradigma Centrado en el Ser Humano para la Sostenibilidad y Resiliencia Productiva

Miguel Angel Romero Zaleta; Jesús Osorio Calderón

doi:10.29105/in22.44-481

Autores/as

Miguel Angel Romero Zaleta Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2154-5413
Jesús Osorio Calderón Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4862-8684

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29105/in22.44-481

Palabras clave:

Transformación Digital, Colaboracion humano-robot, cobots, economia circular, bienestar laboral, sostenibilidad, Inteligencia Artificial, gemelos digitales, productividad, industria 5.0, ética tecnológica

Resumen

La emergencia de la Industria 5.0 marca un cambio de paradigma que trasciende el enfoque tecnocéntrico de su predecesora, la Industria 4.0, al integrar tecnologías avanzadas con principios fundamentales centrados en el ser humano, la sostenibilidad y la resiliencia. Este nuevo modelo industrial enfatiza el uso de robots colaborativos (cobots), inteligencia artificial (IA) y gemelos digitales no solo para optimizar la producción, sino para potenciar la personalización masiva, la seguridad y el bienestar integral del trabajador. A diferencia de la visión de automatización total, la Industria 5.0 busca empoderar a los trabajadores, fomentando una colaboración híbrida y simbiótica entre humanos y máquinas en sectores clave como la manufactura, la logística, la salud y la construcción. No obstante, la transición hacia este paradigma presenta desafíos significativos, incluyendo brechas de competencias digitales, barreras de inversión para las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) y dilemas éticos asociados a la monitorización del bienestar. Mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL) conducida bajo el protocolo PRISMA 2020, este artículo analiza las características definitorias, los temas de investigación prevalentes y las implicaciones estratégicas de la Industria 5.0. Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de desarrollar marcos de gobernanza ética y estrategias colaborativas público-privadas para cerrar las brechas de adopción. Como contribución principal, se propone una definición estratégica integradora del concepto y se ofrece una hoja de ruta para que las organizaciones equilibren la innovación tecnológica con el bienestar humano, asegurando un futuro industrial inclusivo, resiliente y sostenible.

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